I'm here to talk about a really
I'm here to talk about a really
I'm here to talk about a really
devastating disease it's created a huge
devastating disease it's created a huge
devastating disease it's created a huge
impact on basically everyone's lives
impact on basically everyone's lives
impact on basically everyone's lives
it's killed some of the most well-known
it's killed some of the most well-known
it's killed some of the most well-known
celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs
celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs
celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs
recently it's called pancreatic cancer
recently it's called pancreatic cancer
recently it's called pancreatic cancer
and pancrea cancer is a devastating
and pancrea cancer is a devastating
and pancrea cancer is a devastating
disease only 5.5% of people who are
disease only 5.5% of people who are
disease only 5.5% of people who are
initially diagnosed will survive after 5
initially diagnosed will survive after 5
initially diagnosed will survive after 5
years and one of the main reasons due to
years and one of the main reasons due to
years and one of the main reasons due to
this is that the usually once it's
this is that the usually once it's
this is that the usually once it's
diagnosed the cancer is spread around
diagnosed the cancer is spread around
diagnosed the cancer is spread around
the body body when the patient has a
the body body when the patient has a
the body body when the patient has a
very small chance of survival and in
very small chance of survival and in
very small chance of survival and in
order to prevent this late detection we
order to prevent this late detection we
order to prevent this late detection we
need a method for early detection
need a method for early detection
need a method for early detection
meaning a simple rapid sensitive
meaning a simple rapid sensitive
meaning a simple rapid sensitive
versatile and Mally invasive sensor for
versatile and Mally invasive sensor for
versatile and Mally invasive sensor for
the early detection of pancreatic
the early detection of pancreatic
the early detection of pancreatic
cancer and so there are a variety of um
cancer and so there are a variety of um
cancer and so there are a variety of um
proteins that are found in the blood of
proteins that are found in the blood of
proteins that are found in the blood of
patients who have pancreatic cancer that
patients who have pancreatic cancer that
patients who have pancreatic cancer that
are at elevated levels I chose to say
are at elevated levels I chose to say
are at elevated levels I chose to say
one called mesothelin mesothelin it's
one called mesothelin mesothelin it's
one called mesothelin mesothelin it's
highly overexpressed by pancreatic
highly overexpressed by pancreatic
highly overexpressed by pancreatic
cancer but not by healthy tissue but in
cancer but not by healthy tissue but in
cancer but not by healthy tissue but in
addition it's highly overexpressed by
addition it's highly overexpressed by
addition it's highly overexpressed by
these things we call noninvasive
these things we call noninvasive
these things we call noninvasive
precursor Legions meaning if you can
precursor Legions meaning if you can
precursor Legions meaning if you can
detect this protein you can detect
detect this protein you can detect
detect this protein you can detect
pancreatic cancer before it becomes
pancreatic cancer before it becomes
pancreatic cancer before it becomes
invasive possibly making the survival
invasive possibly making the survival
invasive possibly making the survival
rate jump above 50% rather than a measly
rate jump above 50% rather than a measly
rate jump above 50% rather than a measly
5.5% so in order to detect these ultra
5.5% so in order to detect these ultra
5.5% so in order to detect these ultra
low concentrations of Meson in your
low concentrations of Meson in your
low concentrations of Meson in your
blood I employed these carbon nanot
blood I employed these carbon nanot
blood I employed these carbon nanot
tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the
tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the
tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the
really the superheroes of Science and
really the superheroes of Science and
really the superheroes of Science and
Material Science because they have these
Material Science because they have these
Material Science because they have these
broad applications which lead to
broad applications which lead to
broad applications which lead to
inexpensive biosensors in my case I was
inexpensive biosensors in my case I was
inexpensive biosensors in my case I was
looking at how the distance between
looking at how the distance between
looking at how the distance between
neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly
neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly
neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly
impacts how electricity is transported
impacts how electricity is transported
impacts how electricity is transported
along them and so I am really fascinated
along them and so I am really fascinated
along them and so I am really fascinated
by carbon narot tubes I was reading this
by carbon narot tubes I was reading this
by carbon narot tubes I was reading this
really interesting paper in my biology
really interesting paper in my biology
really interesting paper in my biology
class and all of a sudden we were
class and all of a sudden we were
class and all of a sudden we were
learning about these new things called
learning about these new things called
learning about these new things called
antibodies organic molecules that
antibodies organic molecules that
antibodies organic molecules that
actually bind specifically to one
actually bind specifically to one
actually bind specifically to one
protein in my case it would be to mes
protein in my case it would be to mes
protein in my case it would be to mes
withon kind of like a lock and key and
withon kind of like a lock and key and
withon kind of like a lock and key and
so then I thought in my biology class I
so then I thought in my biology class I
so then I thought in my biology class I
was just sitting there behind my desk
was just sitting there behind my desk
was just sitting there behind my desk
looking at this little paper and thought
looking at this little paper and thought
looking at this little paper and thought
what if I put this antibody in a network
what if I put this antibody in a network
what if I put this antibody in a network
of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a
of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a
of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a
whim and then it hit me amazing I was
whim and then it hit me amazing I was
whim and then it hit me amazing I was
very very happy my biology teacher
very very happy my biology teacher
very very happy my biology teacher
wasn't as happy when she found me
wasn't as happy when she found me
wasn't as happy when she found me
reading a paper instead of writing an
reading a paper instead of writing an
reading a paper instead of writing an
essay on biology class so then what I
essay on biology class so then what I
essay on biology class so then what I
had to have then is a substrate that you
had to have then is a substrate that you
had to have then is a substrate that you
can basically support this network of
can basically support this network of
can basically support this network of
antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I
antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I
antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I
thought it had to be porous to take up
thought it had to be porous to take up
thought it had to be porous to take up
this aquous solution but also it had to
this aquous solution but also it had to
this aquous solution but also it had to
be inexpensive and readily available
be inexpensive and readily available
be inexpensive and readily available
filter paper it fulfills all of these
filter paper it fulfills all of these
filter paper it fulfills all of these
and basically all you have to do is
and basically all you have to do is
and basically all you have to do is
create unform dispersion of these
create unform dispersion of these
create unform dispersion of these
antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are
antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are
antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are
just floating around chilling out and
just floating around chilling out and
just floating around chilling out and
then you basically just dip coat your
then you basically just dip coat your
then you basically just dip coat your
sensor making it really easy to
sensor making it really easy to
sensor making it really easy to
produce and so here's a visual depiction
produce and so here's a visual depiction
produce and so here's a visual depiction
of the sensor being created and how you
of the sensor being created and how you
of the sensor being created and how you
test it basically it only requires a
test it basically it only requires a
test it basically it only requires a
sixth of a drop and you just put it on
sixth of a drop and you just put it on
sixth of a drop and you just put it on
and then you just measure the change in
and then you just measure the change in
and then you just measure the change in
electrical potential just an electric
electrical potential just an electric
electrical potential just an electric
parameter so then in order to detect
parameter so then in order to detect
parameter so then in order to detect
pancreatic cancer from the detection of
pancreatic cancer from the detection of
pancreatic cancer from the detection of
this protein basically what you have to
this protein basically what you have to
this protein basically what you have to
do is you have to establish what we call
do is you have to establish what we call
do is you have to establish what we call
a cut off level where anything above
a cut off level where anything above
a cut off level where anything above
that level of Meson is considered
that level of Meson is considered
that level of Meson is considered
positive anything below we consider
positive anything below we consider
positive anything below we consider
negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml
negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml
negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml
for Meson so that's why I chose
for Meson so that's why I chose
for Meson so that's why I chose
and so then I ran in vitra site just to
and so then I ran in vitra site just to
and so then I ran in vitra site just to
make sure it was working pretty well and
make sure it was working pretty well and
make sure it was working pretty well and
it worked spectacularly actually and
it worked spectacularly actually and
it worked spectacularly actually and
then we went into actually testing human
then we went into actually testing human
then we went into actually testing human
samples we had patients who had
samples we had patients who had
samples we had patients who had
pancreatic cancer and then also the
pancreatic cancer and then also the
pancreatic cancer and then also the
non-invasive precur relations you can
non-invasive precur relations you can
non-invasive precur relations you can
see they all fall in this range of 18 to
see they all fall in this range of 18 to
see they all fall in this range of 18 to
28 narog per ml that's well above the 10
28 narog per ml that's well above the 10
28 narog per ml that's well above the 10
narog per ml cut off all these would be
narog per ml cut off all these would be
narog per ml cut off all these would be
found positive by my sensor meaning that
found positive by my sensor meaning that
found positive by my sensor meaning that
it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas
it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas
it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas
cancer then we had patients who did not
cancer then we had patients who did not
cancer then we had patients who did not
have pancreatic cancer they either
have pancreatic cancer they either
have pancreatic cancer they either
perfectly healthy and skipping around or
perfectly healthy and skipping around or
perfectly healthy and skipping around or
they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an
they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an
they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an
inflammation of the pancreas the disease
inflammation of the pancreas the disease
inflammation of the pancreas the disease
most often mistaken in diagnosis of
most often mistaken in diagnosis of
most often mistaken in diagnosis of
pancreatic cancer all these you can see
pancreatic cancer all these you can see
pancreatic cancer all these you can see
are below 10 narams for ML meaning that
are below 10 narams for ML meaning that
are below 10 narams for ML meaning that
they would all be found negative by my
they would all be found negative by my
they would all be found negative by my
sensor meaning that had 100% seed
sensor meaning that had 100% seed
sensor meaning that had 100% seed
activity towards pancreatic cancer so it
activity towards pancreatic cancer so it
activity towards pancreatic cancer so it
was giving near perfect diagnosis of
was giving near perfect diagnosis of
was giving near perfect diagnosis of
pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing
pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing
pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing
how we look at cancer diagnosis
thanks so then what we had we were
thanks so then what we had we were
thanks so then what we had we were
looking at another application of the
looking at another application of the
looking at another application of the
sensor we wanted to see if it could
sensor we wanted to see if it could
sensor we wanted to see if it could
effectively look at how well a treatment
effectively look at how well a treatment
effectively look at how well a treatment
was doing our patient what we had is
was doing our patient what we had is
was doing our patient what we had is
five chemotherapeutic drugs were given
five chemotherapeutic drugs were given
five chemotherapeutic drugs were given
to patients over five weeks and you can
to patients over five weeks and you can
to patients over five weeks and you can
see for each of the five
see for each of the five
see for each of the five
chemotherapeutic drugs there are
chemotherapeutic drugs there are
chemotherapeutic drugs there are
distinctive drops so it could reliably
distinctive drops so it could reliably
distinctive drops so it could reliably
monitor how effect of a cancer treatment
monitor how effect of a cancer treatment
monitor how effect of a cancer treatment
was and so what happens is this sensor
was and so what happens is this sensor
was and so what happens is this sensor
it's really revolutionizing how we look
it's really revolutionizing how we look
it's really revolutionizing how we look
at cancer treatment and diagnosis
at cancer treatment and diagnosis
at cancer treatment and diagnosis
because compared to the current gold
because compared to the current gold
because compared to the current gold
standard of protein detection and cancer
standard of protein detection and cancer
standard of protein detection and cancer
it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times
it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times
it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times
less expensive at 3 cents and over 400
less expensive at 3 cents and over 400
less expensive at 3 cents and over 400
times more sensitive and also it has
times more sensitive and also it has
times more sensitive and also it has
Limitless applications you switch out
Limitless applications you switch out
Limitless applications you switch out
the antibod and you can detect an
the antibod and you can detect an
the antibod and you can detect an
entirely new protein meaning you can
entirely new protein meaning you can
entirely new protein meaning you can
look at other forms of cancer but also
look at other forms of cancer but also
look at other forms of cancer but also
you can look at Cancer Treatments
you can look at Cancer Treatments
you can look at Cancer Treatments
effectively you could look at cancer
effectively you could look at cancer
effectively you could look at cancer
drug resistance because these are caused
drug resistance because these are caused
drug resistance because these are caused
by unique mutations in the DNA producing
by unique mutations in the DNA producing
by unique mutations in the DNA producing
a unique protein which you can pick up
a unique protein which you can pick up
a unique protein which you can pick up
with my sensor also you can look at the
with my sensor also you can look at the
with my sensor also you can look at the
effectiveness of a cancer treatment
effectiveness of a cancer treatment
effectiveness of a cancer treatment
meaning that we are revolutionizing how
meaning that we are revolutionizing how
meaning that we are revolutionizing how
we look at cancer treatment
we look at cancer treatment
we look at cancer treatment
personalizing the treatment at a patient
personalizing the treatment at a patient
personalizing the treatment at a patient
so you don't have that conventional
so you don't have that conventional
so you don't have that conventional
guess and check method also could look
guess and check method also could look
guess and check method also could look
at other forms of disease such as in
at other forms of disease such as in
at other forms of disease such as in
food and water safety ecoli salmonella
food and water safety ecoli salmonella
food and water safety ecoli salmonella
Rota virus and then also you could look
Rota virus and then also you could look
Rota virus and then also you could look
at at uh other blood pathogens such as
at at uh other blood pathogens such as
at at uh other blood pathogens such as
AIDS STDs and all those and so it could
AIDS STDs and all those and so it could
AIDS STDs and all those and so it could
look it could operate in any set setting
look it could operate in any set setting
look it could operate in any set setting
such as a regular checkup but also in
such as a regular checkup but also in
such as a regular checkup but also in
developing nations revolutionizing and
developing nations revolutionizing and
developing nations revolutionizing and
possibly saving thousands of lives in
possibly saving thousands of lives in
possibly saving thousands of lives in
cancer diagnosis treatment and the
cancer diagnosis treatment and the
cancer diagnosis treatment and the
biomedical field
stay you stay
stay you stay
stay you stay
[Applause]