How to pronounce "sack"

I'm a medical illustrator,

and I come from a slightly different point of view.

I've been watching, since I grew up,

the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts

and truth and beauty in the sciences.

And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --

they both have very wonderful things going for them --

truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences

and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins

that a scientist would want to date.

(Laughter)

These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,

by meaning they are things you can worship.

They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.

They are unique. They are useful --

sometimes, often a long time after the fact.

And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,

because I don't want to look at me on the screen.

Truth and beauty are things

that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.

They are things that describe beauty in a way

that is often only accessible if you understand the language

and the syntax of the person

who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.

If you look at the math, E=mc squared,

if you look at the cosmological constant,

where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve

from the numbers that describe the universe --

these are things that are really difficult to understand.

And what I've tried to do

since I had my training as a medical illustrator --

since I was taught animation by my father,

who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --

I wanted to figure out a way to help people

understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences

by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories

so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people

can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.

Students today are often immersed in an environment

where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty

embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized

and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty

are not always evident.

It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup

where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.

We don't want to do that to our students.

So we have an opportunity to really open up education.

And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,

in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,

a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I

would be interested and willing to really change

how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.

So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --

that would explore the truth and beauty inherent

in molecular and cellular biology

so that students could understand a larger picture

that they could hang all of these facts on.

They could have a mental image of the cell

as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city

that's occupied by micro-machines.

And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.

These micro-machines,

which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,

are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices

that are made out of strings of amino acids.

And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.

They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.

They power our minds.

And so what we wanted to do was to figure out

how we could make this story into an animation

that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,

which is a website that Harvard has

for its molecular and cellular biology students

that will -- in addition to all the textual information,

in addition to all the didactic stuff --

put everything together visually, so that these students

would have an internalized view of what a cell really is

in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study

with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,

so that their passions would be sparked

and so that they would be able to go on

and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries

and to be able to find out, really, how life works.

So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages

that are streaming down a capillary,

and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,

and they're picking up information from cells

that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information

that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,

where they can't see and sense.

But they get the information that causes them to stop,

causes them to internalize that they need to make

all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,

and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.

So these molecular motors -- we had to work

with the Harvard scientists and databank models

of the atomically accurate molecules

and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.

And figure out how to do this in a way

that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,

but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell

would prevent the vista from happening.

And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute

Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film

that we produced. It's an ongoing project

that's going to go another four or five years.

And I want you to look at this

and see the paths that the cell manufactures --

these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --

that take these huge loads

that would challenge an ant in relative size.

Run the movie, please.

But these machines that power the inside of the cells

are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life

because all of these machines interact with each other.

They pass information to each other.

They cause different things to happen inside the cell.

And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs

on the fly, from information

that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.

No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,

would be possible without these little micro-machines.

In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,

have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.

(Laughter)

(Music)

This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.

This little guy is called the kinesin,

and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins

to wherever it's needed in the cell --

whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,

whether it's to build something or repair something.

And each of us has about 100,000 of these things

running around, right now,

inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.

So no matter how lazy you feel,

you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.

(Laughter)

So what I want you to do when you go home

is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.

And think about some of the things

that we're learning about cellular mechanics.

Once we figure out all that's going on --

and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --

once we figure out what's going on,

we're really going to be able to have a lot of control

over what we do with our health,

with what we do with future generations,

and how long we're going to live.

And hopefully we'll be able to use this

to discover more truth, and more beauty.

(Music)

But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,

are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.

They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.

And their working together helps our bodies --

huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.

Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.

(Applause)