How to pronounce "moors"

I am a writer.

Writing books is my profession but it's more than that, of course.

It is also my great lifelong love and fascination.

And I don't expect that that's ever going to change.

But, that said, something kind of peculiar has happened recently

in my life and in my career,

which has caused me to have to recalibrate my whole relationship with this work.

And the peculiar thing is that I recently wrote this book,

this memoir called "Eat, Pray, Love"

which, decidedly unlike any of my previous books,

went out in the world for some reason, and became this big,

mega-sensation, international bestseller thing.

The result of which is that everywhere I go now,

people treat me like I'm doomed.

Seriously -- doomed, doomed!

Like, they come up to me now, all worried, and they say,

"Aren't you afraid you're never going to be able to top that?

Aren't you afraid you're going to keep writing for your whole life

and you're never again going to create a book

that anybody in the world cares about at all,

ever again?"

So that's reassuring, you know.

But it would be worse, except for that I happen to remember

that over 20 years ago, when I was a teenager,

when I first started telling people that I wanted to be a writer,

I was met with this same sort of fear-based reaction.

And people would say, "Aren't you afraid you're never going to have any success?

Aren't you afraid the humiliation of rejection will kill you?

Aren't you afraid that you're going to work your whole life at this craft

and nothing's ever going to come of it

and you're going to die on a scrap heap of broken dreams

with your mouth filled with bitter ash of failure?"

(Laughter)

Like that, you know.

The answer -- the short answer to all those questions is, "Yes."

Yes, I'm afraid of all those things.

And I always have been.

And I'm afraid of many, many more things besides

that people can't even guess at,

like seaweed and other things that are scary.

But, when it comes to writing,

the thing that I've been sort of thinking about lately, and wondering about lately,

is why?

You know, is it rational?

Is it logical that anybody should be expected

to be afraid of the work that they feel they were put on this Earth to do.

And what is it specifically about creative ventures

that seems to make us really nervous about each other's mental health

in a way that other careers kind of don't do, you know?

Like my dad, for example, was a chemical engineer

and I don't recall once in his 40 years of chemical engineering

anybody asking him if he was afraid to be a chemical engineer, you know?

"That chemical-engineering block, John, how's it going?"

It just didn't come up like that, you know?

But to be fair, chemical engineers as a group

haven't really earned a reputation over the centuries

for being alcoholic manic-depressives.

(Laughter)

We writers, we kind of do have that reputation,

and not just writers, but creative people across all genres,

it seems, have this reputation for being enormously mentally unstable.

And all you have to do is look at the very grim death count

in the 20th century alone, of really magnificent creative minds

who died young and often at their own hands, you know?

And even the ones who didn't literally commit suicide

seem to be really undone by their gifts, you know.

Norman Mailer, just before he died, last interview, he said,

"Every one of my books has killed me a little more."

An extraordinary statement to make about your life's work.

But we don't even blink when we hear somebody say this,

because we've heard that kind of stuff for so long

and somehow we've completely internalized and accepted collectively

this notion that creativity and suffering are somehow inherently linked

and that artistry, in the end, will always ultimately lead to anguish.

And the question that I want to ask everybody here today

is are you guys all cool with that idea?

Are you comfortable with that?

Because you look at it even from an inch away and, you know --

I'm not at all comfortable with that assumption.

I think it's odious.

And I also think it's dangerous,

and I don't want to see it perpetuated into the next century.

I think it's better if we encourage our great creative minds to live.

And I definitely know that, in my case -- in my situation --

it would be very dangerous for me to start sort of leaking down that dark path

of assumption,

particularly given the circumstance that I'm in right now in my career.

Which is -- you know, like check it out,

I'm pretty young, I'm only about 40 years old.

I still have maybe another four decades of work left in me.

And it's exceedingly likely that anything I write from this point forward

is going to be judged by the world as the work that came after

the freakish success of my last book, right?

I should just put it bluntly, because we're all sort of friends here now --

it's exceedingly likely that my greatest success is behind me.

So Jesus, what a thought!

That's the kind of thought that could lead a person

to start drinking gin at nine o'clock in the morning,

and I don't want to go there.

(Laughter)

I would prefer to keep doing this work that I love.

And so, the question becomes, how?

And so, it seems to me, upon a lot of reflection,

that the way that I have to work now, in order to continue writing,

is that I have to create some sort of protective psychological construct, right?

I have to sort of find some way to have a safe distance

between me, as I am writing, and my very natural anxiety

about what the reaction to that writing is going to be, from now on.

And, as I've been looking, over the last year,

for models for how to do that,

I've been sort of looking across time,

and I've been trying to find other societies

to see if they might have had better and saner ideas than we have

about how to help creative people

sort of manage the inherent emotional risks of creativity.

And that search has led me to ancient Greece and ancient Rome.

So stay with me, because it does circle around and back.

But, ancient Greece and ancient Rome --

people did not happen to believe that creativity

came from human beings back then, OK?

People believed that creativity was this divine attendant spirit

that came to human beings from some distant and unknowable source,

for distant and unknowable reasons.

The Greeks famously called these divine attendant spirits of creativity "daemons."

Socrates, famously, believed that he had a daemon

who spoke wisdom to him from afar.

The Romans had the same idea,

but they called that sort of disembodied creative spirit a genius.

Which is great, because the Romans did not actually think

that a genius was a particularly clever individual.

They believed that a genius was this, sort of magical divine entity,

who was believed to literally live in the walls of an artist's studio,

kind of like Dobby the house elf,

and who would come out

and sort of invisibly assist the artist with their work

and would shape the outcome of that work.

So brilliant -- there it is, right there, that distance that I'm talking about --

that psychological construct to protect you from the results of your work.

And everyone knew that this is how it functioned, right?

So the ancient artist was protected from certain things,

like, for example, too much narcissism, right?

If your work was brilliant, you couldn't take all the credit for it,

everybody knew that you had this disembodied genius who had helped you.

If your work bombed, not entirely your fault, you know?

Everyone knew your genius was kind of lame.

(Laughter)

And this is how people thought about creativity in the West

for a really long time.

And then the Renaissance came and everything changed,

and we had this big idea, and the big idea was,

let's put the individual human being at the center of the universe

above all gods and mysteries,

and there's no more room for mystical creatures

who take dictation from the divine.

And it's the beginning of rational humanism,

and people started to believe that creativity

came completely from the self of the individual.

And for the first time in history,

you start to hear people referring to this or that artist as being a genius,

rather than having a genius.

And I got to tell you, I think that was a huge error.

You know, I think that allowing somebody, one mere person

to believe that he or she is like, the vessel,

you know, like the font and the essence and the source

of all divine, creative, unknowable, eternal mystery

is just a smidge too much responsibility to put on one fragile, human psyche.

It's like asking somebody to swallow the sun.

It just completely warps and distorts egos,

and it creates all these unmanageable expectations about performance.

And I think the pressure of that

has been killing off our artists for the last 500 years.

And, if this is true,

and I think it is true,

the question becomes, what now?

Can we do this differently?

Maybe go back to some more ancient understanding

about the relationship between humans and the creative mystery.

Maybe not.

Maybe we can't just erase 500 years of rational humanistic thought

in one 18 minute speech.

And there's probably people in this audience

who would raise really legitimate scientific suspicions

about the notion of, basically, fairies

who follow people around rubbing fairy juice on their projects and stuff.

I'm not, probably, going to bring you all along with me on this.

But the question that I kind of want to pose is --

you know, why not?

Why not think about it this way?

Because it makes as much sense as anything else I have ever heard

in terms of explaining the utter maddening capriciousness

of the creative process.

A process which, as anybody who has ever tried to make something --

which is to say basically everyone here ---

knows does not always behave rationally.

And, in fact, can sometimes feel downright paranormal.

I had this encounter recently

where I met the extraordinary American poet Ruth Stone,

who's now in her 90s, but she's been a poet her entire life

and she told me that when she was growing up in rural Virginia,

she would be out working in the fields,

and she said she would feel and hear a poem

coming at her from over the landscape.

And she said it was like a thunderous train of air.

And it would come barreling down at her over the landscape.

And she felt it coming, because it would shake the earth under her feet.

She knew that she had only one thing to do at that point,

and that was to, in her words, "run like hell."

And she would run like hell to the house

and she would be getting chased by this poem,

and the whole deal was that she had to get to a piece of paper and a pencil

fast enough so that when it thundered through her, she could collect it

and grab it on the page.

And other times she wouldn't be fast enough,

so she'd be running and running, and she wouldn't get to the house

and the poem would barrel through her and she would miss it

and she said it would continue on across the landscape,

looking, as she put it "for another poet."

And then there were these times --

this is the piece I never forgot --

she said that there were moments where she would almost miss it, right?

So, she's running to the house and she's looking for the paper

and the poem passes through her,

and she grabs a pencil just as it's going through her,

and then she said, it was like she would reach out with her other hand

and she would catch it.

She would catch the poem by its tail,

and she would pull it backwards into her body

as she was transcribing on the page.

And in these instances, the poem would come up on the page perfect and intact

but backwards, from the last word to the first.

(Laughter)

So when I heard that I was like -- that's uncanny,

that's exactly what my creative process is like.

(Laughter)

That's not at all what my creative process is -- I'm not the pipeline!

I'm a mule, and the way that I have to work

is I have to get up at the same time every day,

and sweat and labor and barrel through it really awkwardly.

But even I, in my mulishness,

even I have brushed up against that thing, at times.

And I would imagine that a lot of you have too.

You know, even I have had work or ideas come through me from a source

that I honestly cannot identify.

And what is that thing?

And how are we to relate to it in a way that will not make us lose our minds,

but, in fact, might actually keep us sane?

And for me, the best contemporary example that I have of how to do that

is the musician Tom Waits,

who I got to interview several years ago on a magazine assignment.

And we were talking about this,

and you know, Tom, for most of his life, he was pretty much the embodiment

of the tormented contemporary modern artist,

trying to control and manage and dominate

these sort of uncontrollable creative impulses

that were totally internalized.

But then he got older, he got calmer,

and one day he was driving down the freeway in Los Angeles,

and this is when it all changed for him.

And he's speeding along, and all of a sudden

he hears this little fragment of melody,

that comes into his head as inspiration often comes, elusive and tantalizing,

and he wants it, it's gorgeous,

and he longs for it, but he has no way to get it.

He doesn't have a piece of paper, or a pencil, or a tape recorder.

So he starts to feel all of that old anxiety start to rise in him

like, "I'm going to lose this thing,

and I'll be be haunted by this song forever.

I'm not good enough, and I can't do it."

And instead of panicking, he just stopped.

He just stopped that whole mental process and he did something completely novel.

He just looked up at the sky, and he said,

"Excuse me, can you not see that I'm driving?"

(Laughter)

"Do I look like I can write down a song right now?

If you really want to exist, come back at a more opportune moment

when I can take care of you.

Otherwise, go bother somebody else today.

Go bother Leonard Cohen."

And his whole work process changed after that.

Not the work, the work was still oftentimes as dark as ever.

But the process, and the heavy anxiety around it

was released when he took the genie, the genius out of him

where it was causing nothing but trouble, and released it back where it came from,

and realized that this didn't have to be this internalized, tormented thing.

It could be this peculiar, wondrous, bizarre collaboration,

kind of conversation between Tom and the strange, external thing

that was not quite Tom.

When I heard that story, it started to shift a little bit

the way that I worked too, and this idea already saved me once.

It saved me when I was in the middle of writing "Eat, Pray, Love,"

and I fell into one of those sort of pits of despair

that we all fall into when we're working on something and it's not coming

and you start to think this is going to be a disaster, the worst book ever written.

Not just bad, but the worst book ever written.

And I started to think I should just dump this project.

But then I remembered Tom talking to the open air

and I tried it.

So I just lifted my face up from the manuscript

and I directed my comments to an empty corner of the room.

And I said aloud, "Listen you, thing,

you and I both know that if this book isn't brilliant

that is not entirely my fault, right?

Because you can see that I am putting everything I have into this,

I don't have any more than this.

If you want it to be better, you've got to show up and do your part of the deal.

But if you don't do that, you know what, the hell with it.

I'm going to keep writing anyway because that's my job.

And I would please like the record to reflect today

that I showed up for my part of the job."

(Laughter)

Because --

(Applause)

Because in the end it's like this, OK --

centuries ago in the deserts of North Africa,

people used to gather for these moonlight dances of sacred dance and music

that would go on for hours and hours, until dawn.

They were always magnificent, because the dancers were professionals

and they were terrific, right?

But every once in a while, very rarely, something would happen,

and one of these performers would actually become transcendent.

And I know you know what I'm talking about,

because I know you've all seen, at some point in your life,

a performance like this.

It was like time would stop,

and the dancer would sort of step through some kind of portal

and he wasn't doing anything different

than he had ever done, 1,000 nights before,

but everything would align.

And all of a sudden, he would no longer appear to be merely human.

He would be lit from within, and lit from below

and all lit up on fire with divinity.

And when this happened, back then,

people knew it for what it was, you know, they called it by its name.

They would put their hands together and they would start to chant,

"Allah, Allah, Allah, God, God, God."

That's God, you know.

Curious historical footnote:

when the Moors invaded southern Spain, they took this custom with them

and the pronunciation changed over the centuries

from "Allah, Allah, Allah," to "Olé, olé, olé,"

which you still hear in bullfights and in flamenco dances.

In Spain, when a performer has done something impossible and magic,

"Allah, olé, olé, Allah, magnificent, bravo,"

incomprehensible, there it is -- a glimpse of God.

Which is great, because we need that.

But, the tricky bit comes the next morning,

for the dancer himself, when he wakes up and discovers

that it's Tuesday at 11 a.m., and he's no longer a glimpse of God.

He's just an aging mortal with really bad knees,

and maybe he's never going to ascend to that height again.

And maybe nobody will ever chant God's name again as he spins,

and what is he then to do with the rest of his life?

This is hard.

This is one of the most painful reconciliations to make

in a creative life.

But maybe it doesn't have to be quite so full of anguish

if you never happened to believe, in the first place,

that the most extraordinary aspects of your being came from you.

But maybe if you just believed that they were on loan to you

from some unimaginable source for some exquisite portion of your life

to be passed along when you're finished,

with somebody else.

And, you know, if we think about it this way, it starts to change everything.

This is how I've started to think,

and this is certainly how I've been thinking in the last few months

as I've been working on the book that will soon be published,

as the dangerously, frighteningly over-anticipated follow up

to my freakish success.

And what I have to sort of keep telling myself

when I get really psyched out about that is don't be afraid.

Don't be daunted. Just do your job.

Continue to show up for your piece of it, whatever that might be.

If your job is to dance, do your dance.

If the divine, cockeyed genius assigned to your case

decides to let some sort of wonderment be glimpsed, for just one moment

through your efforts, then "Olé!"

And if not, do your dance anyhow.

And "Olé!" to you, nonetheless.

I believe this and I feel that we must teach it.

"Olé!" to you, nonetheless,

just for having the sheer human love and stubbornness

to keep showing up.

Thank you.

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Applause)

June Cohen: Olé!

(Applause)