How to pronounce "biosensors"

I'm here to talk about a really

I'm here to talk about a really

I'm here to talk about a really devastating disease it's created a huge

devastating disease it's created a huge

devastating disease it's created a huge impact on basically everyone's lives

impact on basically everyone's lives

impact on basically everyone's lives it's killed some of the most well-known

it's killed some of the most well-known

it's killed some of the most well-known celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs

celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs

celebrities the most knowable Steve Jobs recently it's called pancreatic cancer

recently it's called pancreatic cancer

recently it's called pancreatic cancer and pancrea cancer is a devastating

and pancrea cancer is a devastating

and pancrea cancer is a devastating disease only 5.5% of people who are

disease only 5.5% of people who are

disease only 5.5% of people who are initially diagnosed will survive after 5

initially diagnosed will survive after 5

initially diagnosed will survive after 5 years and one of the main reasons due to

years and one of the main reasons due to

years and one of the main reasons due to this is that the usually once it's

this is that the usually once it's

this is that the usually once it's diagnosed the cancer is spread around

diagnosed the cancer is spread around

diagnosed the cancer is spread around the body body when the patient has a

the body body when the patient has a

the body body when the patient has a very small chance of survival and in

very small chance of survival and in

very small chance of survival and in order to prevent this late detection we

order to prevent this late detection we

order to prevent this late detection we need a method for early detection

need a method for early detection

need a method for early detection meaning a simple rapid sensitive

meaning a simple rapid sensitive

meaning a simple rapid sensitive versatile and Mally invasive sensor for

versatile and Mally invasive sensor for

versatile and Mally invasive sensor for the early detection of pancreatic

the early detection of pancreatic

the early detection of pancreatic cancer and so there are a variety of um

cancer and so there are a variety of um

cancer and so there are a variety of um proteins that are found in the blood of

proteins that are found in the blood of

proteins that are found in the blood of patients who have pancreatic cancer that

patients who have pancreatic cancer that

patients who have pancreatic cancer that are at elevated levels I chose to say

are at elevated levels I chose to say

are at elevated levels I chose to say one called mesothelin mesothelin it's

one called mesothelin mesothelin it's

one called mesothelin mesothelin it's highly overexpressed by pancreatic

highly overexpressed by pancreatic

highly overexpressed by pancreatic cancer but not by healthy tissue but in

cancer but not by healthy tissue but in

cancer but not by healthy tissue but in addition it's highly overexpressed by

addition it's highly overexpressed by

addition it's highly overexpressed by these things we call noninvasive

these things we call noninvasive

these things we call noninvasive precursor Legions meaning if you can

precursor Legions meaning if you can

precursor Legions meaning if you can detect this protein you can detect

detect this protein you can detect

detect this protein you can detect pancreatic cancer before it becomes

pancreatic cancer before it becomes

pancreatic cancer before it becomes invasive possibly making the survival

invasive possibly making the survival

invasive possibly making the survival rate jump above 50% rather than a measly

rate jump above 50% rather than a measly

rate jump above 50% rather than a measly 5.5% so in order to detect these ultra

5.5% so in order to detect these ultra

5.5% so in order to detect these ultra low concentrations of Meson in your

low concentrations of Meson in your

low concentrations of Meson in your blood I employed these carbon nanot

blood I employed these carbon nanot

blood I employed these carbon nanot tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the

tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the

tubes atom thick tubes of carbon and the really the superheroes of Science and

really the superheroes of Science and

really the superheroes of Science and Material Science because they have these

Material Science because they have these

Material Science because they have these broad applications which lead to

broad applications which lead to

broad applications which lead to inexpensive biosensors in my case I was

inexpensive biosensors in my case I was

inexpensive biosensors in my case I was looking at how the distance between

looking at how the distance between

looking at how the distance between neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly

neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly

neighboring carbon nanot tubes highly impacts how electricity is transported

impacts how electricity is transported

impacts how electricity is transported along them and so I am really fascinated

along them and so I am really fascinated

along them and so I am really fascinated by carbon narot tubes I was reading this

by carbon narot tubes I was reading this

by carbon narot tubes I was reading this really interesting paper in my biology

really interesting paper in my biology

really interesting paper in my biology class and all of a sudden we were

class and all of a sudden we were

class and all of a sudden we were learning about these new things called

learning about these new things called

learning about these new things called antibodies organic molecules that

antibodies organic molecules that

antibodies organic molecules that actually bind specifically to one

actually bind specifically to one

actually bind specifically to one protein in my case it would be to mes

protein in my case it would be to mes

protein in my case it would be to mes withon kind of like a lock and key and

withon kind of like a lock and key and

withon kind of like a lock and key and so then I thought in my biology class I

so then I thought in my biology class I

so then I thought in my biology class I was just sitting there behind my desk

was just sitting there behind my desk

was just sitting there behind my desk looking at this little paper and thought

looking at this little paper and thought

looking at this little paper and thought what if I put this antibody in a network

what if I put this antibody in a network

what if I put this antibody in a network of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a

of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a

of carbon nanot tubes just wildly on a whim and then it hit me amazing I was

whim and then it hit me amazing I was

whim and then it hit me amazing I was very very happy my biology teacher

very very happy my biology teacher

very very happy my biology teacher wasn't as happy when she found me

wasn't as happy when she found me

wasn't as happy when she found me reading a paper instead of writing an

reading a paper instead of writing an

reading a paper instead of writing an essay on biology class so then what I

essay on biology class so then what I

essay on biology class so then what I had to have then is a substrate that you

had to have then is a substrate that you

had to have then is a substrate that you can basically support this network of

can basically support this network of

can basically support this network of antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I

antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I

antibodies and carbon narot tubes and I thought it had to be porous to take up

thought it had to be porous to take up

thought it had to be porous to take up this aquous solution but also it had to

this aquous solution but also it had to

this aquous solution but also it had to be inexpensive and readily available

be inexpensive and readily available

be inexpensive and readily available filter paper it fulfills all of these

filter paper it fulfills all of these

filter paper it fulfills all of these and basically all you have to do is

and basically all you have to do is

and basically all you have to do is create unform dispersion of these

create unform dispersion of these

create unform dispersion of these antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are

antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are

antibodies and carbon nanot tubes are just floating around chilling out and

just floating around chilling out and

just floating around chilling out and then you basically just dip coat your

then you basically just dip coat your

then you basically just dip coat your sensor making it really easy to

sensor making it really easy to

sensor making it really easy to produce and so here's a visual depiction

produce and so here's a visual depiction

produce and so here's a visual depiction of the sensor being created and how you

of the sensor being created and how you

of the sensor being created and how you test it basically it only requires a

test it basically it only requires a

test it basically it only requires a sixth of a drop and you just put it on

sixth of a drop and you just put it on

sixth of a drop and you just put it on and then you just measure the change in

and then you just measure the change in

and then you just measure the change in electrical potential just an electric

electrical potential just an electric

electrical potential just an electric parameter so then in order to detect

parameter so then in order to detect

parameter so then in order to detect pancreatic cancer from the detection of

pancreatic cancer from the detection of

pancreatic cancer from the detection of this protein basically what you have to

this protein basically what you have to

this protein basically what you have to do is you have to establish what we call

do is you have to establish what we call

do is you have to establish what we call a cut off level where anything above

a cut off level where anything above

a cut off level where anything above that level of Meson is considered

that level of Meson is considered

that level of Meson is considered positive anything below we consider

positive anything below we consider

positive anything below we consider negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml

negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml

negative and so usually it's 10 n per ml for Meson so that's why I chose

for Meson so that's why I chose

for Meson so that's why I chose and so then I ran in vitra site just to

and so then I ran in vitra site just to

and so then I ran in vitra site just to make sure it was working pretty well and

make sure it was working pretty well and

make sure it was working pretty well and it worked spectacularly actually and

it worked spectacularly actually and

it worked spectacularly actually and then we went into actually testing human

then we went into actually testing human

then we went into actually testing human samples we had patients who had

samples we had patients who had

samples we had patients who had pancreatic cancer and then also the

pancreatic cancer and then also the

pancreatic cancer and then also the non-invasive precur relations you can

non-invasive precur relations you can

non-invasive precur relations you can see they all fall in this range of 18 to

see they all fall in this range of 18 to

see they all fall in this range of 18 to 28 narog per ml that's well above the 10

28 narog per ml that's well above the 10

28 narog per ml that's well above the 10 narog per ml cut off all these would be

narog per ml cut off all these would be

narog per ml cut off all these would be found positive by my sensor meaning that

found positive by my sensor meaning that

found positive by my sensor meaning that it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas

it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas

it had 100% sensitivity towards pancreas cancer then we had patients who did not

cancer then we had patients who did not

cancer then we had patients who did not have pancreatic cancer they either

have pancreatic cancer they either

have pancreatic cancer they either perfectly healthy and skipping around or

perfectly healthy and skipping around or

perfectly healthy and skipping around or they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an

they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an

they had chronic pancreatitis meaning an inflammation of the pancreas the disease

inflammation of the pancreas the disease

inflammation of the pancreas the disease most often mistaken in diagnosis of

most often mistaken in diagnosis of

most often mistaken in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer all these you can see

pancreatic cancer all these you can see

pancreatic cancer all these you can see are below 10 narams for ML meaning that

are below 10 narams for ML meaning that

are below 10 narams for ML meaning that they would all be found negative by my

they would all be found negative by my

they would all be found negative by my sensor meaning that had 100% seed

sensor meaning that had 100% seed

sensor meaning that had 100% seed activity towards pancreatic cancer so it

activity towards pancreatic cancer so it

activity towards pancreatic cancer so it was giving near perfect diagnosis of

was giving near perfect diagnosis of

was giving near perfect diagnosis of pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing

pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing

pancreatic cancer that's revolutionizing how we look at cancer diagnosis

thanks so then what we had we were

thanks so then what we had we were

thanks so then what we had we were looking at another application of the

looking at another application of the

looking at another application of the sensor we wanted to see if it could

sensor we wanted to see if it could

sensor we wanted to see if it could effectively look at how well a treatment

effectively look at how well a treatment

effectively look at how well a treatment was doing our patient what we had is

was doing our patient what we had is

was doing our patient what we had is five chemotherapeutic drugs were given

five chemotherapeutic drugs were given

five chemotherapeutic drugs were given to patients over five weeks and you can

to patients over five weeks and you can

to patients over five weeks and you can see for each of the five

see for each of the five

see for each of the five chemotherapeutic drugs there are

chemotherapeutic drugs there are

chemotherapeutic drugs there are distinctive drops so it could reliably

distinctive drops so it could reliably

distinctive drops so it could reliably monitor how effect of a cancer treatment

monitor how effect of a cancer treatment

monitor how effect of a cancer treatment was and so what happens is this sensor

was and so what happens is this sensor

was and so what happens is this sensor it's really revolutionizing how we look

it's really revolutionizing how we look

it's really revolutionizing how we look at cancer treatment and diagnosis

at cancer treatment and diagnosis

at cancer treatment and diagnosis because compared to the current gold

because compared to the current gold

because compared to the current gold standard of protein detection and cancer

standard of protein detection and cancer

standard of protein detection and cancer it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times

it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times

it's 168 times faster over 26,000 times less expensive at 3 cents and over 400

less expensive at 3 cents and over 400

less expensive at 3 cents and over 400 times more sensitive and also it has

times more sensitive and also it has

times more sensitive and also it has Limitless applications you switch out

Limitless applications you switch out

Limitless applications you switch out the antibod and you can detect an

the antibod and you can detect an

the antibod and you can detect an entirely new protein meaning you can

entirely new protein meaning you can

entirely new protein meaning you can look at other forms of cancer but also

look at other forms of cancer but also

look at other forms of cancer but also you can look at Cancer Treatments

you can look at Cancer Treatments

you can look at Cancer Treatments effectively you could look at cancer

effectively you could look at cancer

effectively you could look at cancer drug resistance because these are caused

drug resistance because these are caused

drug resistance because these are caused by unique mutations in the DNA producing

by unique mutations in the DNA producing

by unique mutations in the DNA producing a unique protein which you can pick up

a unique protein which you can pick up

a unique protein which you can pick up with my sensor also you can look at the

with my sensor also you can look at the

with my sensor also you can look at the effectiveness of a cancer treatment

effectiveness of a cancer treatment

effectiveness of a cancer treatment meaning that we are revolutionizing how

meaning that we are revolutionizing how

meaning that we are revolutionizing how we look at cancer treatment

we look at cancer treatment

we look at cancer treatment personalizing the treatment at a patient

personalizing the treatment at a patient

personalizing the treatment at a patient so you don't have that conventional

so you don't have that conventional

so you don't have that conventional guess and check method also could look

guess and check method also could look

guess and check method also could look at other forms of disease such as in

at other forms of disease such as in

at other forms of disease such as in food and water safety ecoli salmonella

food and water safety ecoli salmonella

food and water safety ecoli salmonella Rota virus and then also you could look

Rota virus and then also you could look

Rota virus and then also you could look at at uh other blood pathogens such as

at at uh other blood pathogens such as

at at uh other blood pathogens such as AIDS STDs and all those and so it could

AIDS STDs and all those and so it could

AIDS STDs and all those and so it could look it could operate in any set setting

look it could operate in any set setting

look it could operate in any set setting such as a regular checkup but also in

such as a regular checkup but also in

such as a regular checkup but also in developing nations revolutionizing and

developing nations revolutionizing and

developing nations revolutionizing and possibly saving thousands of lives in

possibly saving thousands of lives in

possibly saving thousands of lives in cancer diagnosis treatment and the

cancer diagnosis treatment and the

cancer diagnosis treatment and the biomedical field

stay you stay

stay you stay

stay you stay [Applause]